11. Transformation means
A. formation of a pilus
B. acquiring DNA from the bacterial cell environment
C. plasmid containing a F factor
D. F+ and F- strains of bacteria
12. Restriction maps
A. allows comparison between DNA molecules without the need to determine nucleotide sequence
B. allows comparison between DNA molecules but requires to determine nucleotide sequence
C. does not allow comparison between DNA molecules
D. none of the above
13. Which of the following is correct?
A. HIV is a retrovirus that kills human helper T cells
B. Causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
C. Cripples the immunity systems
D. All of the above
14. A PCR cycle consists of
A. three steps, denaturation, primer annealing and elongation
B. three steps, denaturation, initiation and elongation
C. three steps, primer annealing, elongation and termination
D. three steps, initiation, elongation and termination
15. How many ds DNA molecule can be produced, which comprise precisely the target region in double strand form during 4th cycle of PCR?
A. Two ds DNA molecule
B. Three ds DNA molecule
C. Eight ds DNA molecule
D. Four ds DNA molecule