141. Which of the following places were attacked and plundered by Mahmud Ghaznavi during his 17 raids on India?
1. Thanesar
2. Mathura
3. Gwalior
4. Patna
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
(A) Only 1 & 2
(B) Only 1, 2 & 3
(C) Only 1 & 3
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: (B) Only 1, 2 & 3
Answer Explanation:
Major attacks of Mahmud were as follows:
1000 – Peshawar
1008 – Bhimnagar (Nagarkot / Kot Kangra)
1009 – Narayanpur Alwar
1011 – Thanesar
1013 – Nandana
1014 – Kashmir
1015 – Lokhot in Kashmir
1017-18 – Mathura, Kannauj, Mung (Near Kanpur)
1019 – Sharva (near Saharanpur)
1020 – Kannauj, Bari (Pratihara Capital)
1021 – Kannauj, Gwalior
1023 – Kalinjar
1024 – Somnath
142. Apart from Hindus, Jains, and Buddhists, Mahmud of Ghazni persecuted one group of Muslims also during his political and military career. Which of the following was that group?
(A) Khawarij
(B) Ismailis
(C) Wahabis
(D) Salafis
Correct Answer: (B) Ismailis
Answer Explanation:
Ismailis seem to have been a particular target of his wrath since Mahmud (and his nominal overlord, the Abbasid caliph) considered them heretics.
143. Which of the following was the first target of Mohammad Ghori in the Indian Subcontinent?
(A) Kashmir
(B) Punjab
(C) Multan
(D) Gujarat
Correct Answer: (C) Multan
Answer Explanation:
Muhammad Ghori’s first invasion in the Indian subcontinent was on the Shia ruler of Multan in 1175 A.D. He invaded and defeated the Karmathian Muslim ruler and annexed Multan to his territories. Next, he conquered the fortress of Uch in Sindh.
144. Who was the Ghaznavid ruler in Punjab when it was attacked by Muhammad Ghori?
(A) Khusrau Shah
(B) Khusrau Malik
(C) Bahram Shah
(D) Shirzad
Correct Answer: (B) Khusrau Malik
Answer Explanation:
The last Ghaznavid Sultan was Khusrau Malik, who at the time of Ghori’s attack, was ruling around the Punjab and Lahore region. Ghori captured Lahore in 1186 and Khusrau Malik and his son were taken to Ghur where they were imprisoned, and possibly executed.
145. Which of the following was the key objective of the invasion of Mohammad Ghori in India?
(A) Loot and Plunder wealth of India
(B) To expand the Ghurid Empire
(C) To spread Islam by Sword
(D) To punish Rajputs who attacked his dominions
Correct Answer: (B) To expand the Ghurid Empire
Answer Explanation:
The major objective of Ghori to attack India was to expand his empire and satisfy his imperialistic ambitions. The expansion of Islam and his ambition to glorify his name through his military exploits could be said to be his secondary aims. Similarly, loot and plunder may also be secondary aims because that was the norm in those days to acquire Gold and wealth from defeated rulers.
