1. Membrane potential and the proton gradient
A. are both required to make ATP
B. are sufficient, separately, to make ATP from ADP + Pi;
C. reinforce one another when respiratory inhibitors are present
D. cancel one another when uncouplers are present
2. The irreversibility of the thiokinase reactions (formation of initial acyl-CoA)
A. make this activation reaction the committed step on the pathway
B. is due to the subsequent hydrolysis of the product
C. applies only to even-chain fatty acids
D. both (a) and (b)
3. Long-chain fatty acids are oxidized step-wise in one carbon units starting from the
A. carboxyl end
B. aliphatic end
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
4. How many molecules of acetyl-CoA are produced in the oxidation of palmitic acid (C16), which involves seven rounds of oxidation?
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9
5. The oxidation of methanol (wood alcohol) in human retina tissue leads directly to the formation of
A. formaldehyde
B. sugars
C. CO2
D. none of these